How instant photograph work

Instant photograph film works by having its own developing apparatus as part of the film. The film has particles that are sensitive to light. Black and white film has one layer of silver compound. Color film has a blue layer then a green layer and lastly a red layer. All of these layers react to form a record of the light pattern it was exposed to.

In addition to the different color layers instant film also has other layers that contain the other chemicals that changes the picture of record into a picture when it is printed out. This layer of the film containing dye developers and couplers. These couplers grab on to the particles that were exposed to the light and the dye attached to the unexposed layer of the film. These layers lay on top of a black base layer and under the image layer, timing layer and acid layer.

To start the process of developing a picture a reagent material is placed at the beginning of the film. When you take a picture the film passes through rollers which expose this reagent to the film. The rollers evenly distribute the reagent to the film so it can react with the light layers. The chemical then dissolves the before mentioned dyes. The acid layer of the film mixes with the alkali reagent making the picture become clear. When you watch a picture develop this is the reaction you are seeing. The image then becomes visible for you to view.

Group blog post - „How pictures are developed“

Each day photo laboratories receives many rolls of film for development. To process each exposure it is first turned into a negative image and then into a positive one. That positive image is what is known as a photograph. First, a scanner takes the envelopes which contain the film and sorts them into bins, according to what size the final picture should have and according to how many copies need to be made of each picture. Then, a machine extracts the film rolls from the metal capsules in total darkness. Exposing the film to light would ruin the photo because the film is sensitive to all of the visible wavelengths of light and photons emitted from the light source change the chemical nature of the particles the film is made of. The envelopes from the bins are then transferred into bundles so they can later be reunited with the right pictures and negatives. From the inside of the machine a blade cuts open the metal capsules. The machine unravels and lines up films as long as sixty meters. A sticker is being placed on the films in order to identify each film with a barcode. Once the machine measures the assembled strip, which gets wrapped onto a wheel inside a metal box. Developing the exposures requires four chemical baths in complete darkness. In the first chemical bath, sulfates make the image appear as a negative. The second chemical bath includes acetic acid to hold the effects of the sulfates. The last two baths preserve the image and rinse away any chemical traces. To print pictures the negatives are loaded into yet another machine which contains light sensitive paper. All it takes is a flash to transfer the image. A sensor instantly adjusts the intensity to correct any improper exposure by the photographer. To develop the prints the paper now goes through four chemical baths similar to those used for the negatives before.

One chemical bath reveals the image and another chemical bath stops that process. Two more chemical baths preserve the image and rinse off the chemicals. This time, however, the paper goes into an oven to dry for two minutes at seventy degrees Celsius. Then, a technician marks the pictures that are too bright, too dim or out of focus and removes them from redeveloping. Next, a machine unwinds the strip, scans the barcodes and cuts out the pictures that belong together. It also cuts the negatives into numbered strips of four. Once this is done, the photos and negatives are slipped into an envelope. The computer shows just what to include in each envelope and a machine provides the film’s original package which is also included in the envelope. Now the owner can sit back and enjoy his/her pictures.

Group blog post - Rate the instructions of camera lucida by Tim Hunkin

Tim Hunkin’s instructions about how to make a camera lucida are not very helpful due to various reasons. It does not seem like the author was very familiar with the steps of process. First of all, only by looking at the instructions as a whole, the paper does not look very professional, perceptible from the format, layout and style. The instructions seem to be scribbled down by hand and rather resemble a comic than a clear set of instructions. What is more, the steps are neither written in logical order nor numbered, thus making it hard to know for sure what should be done first, what second and so on. It also might have been more helpful to use keywords instead of writing one, often too long, sentence followed by another. His instructions also often contain multiple actions which need to be done at the same time which inevitably creates confusion. Normally, each step should only be a baby step in the whole process. Secondly, his instructions require previous knowledge which, however, should not be the case when creating well-written instructions. Thirdly, Tim Hunkin did not include a list of items required to build a camera lucida. Fourthly, no warnings as pre-steps are included to indicate that something is critical to be done before something else. In the end the author gives some advice regarding the drawing, as the camera lucida is supposed to be an optical device used as a drawing aid by artists. However, expressing personal opinions, preferences or choices should be avoided, and instructional texts should be strictly factual statements that tell the reader to perform an action. On the plus side, he did begin writing the instructions with a verb, asking the reader to do something, which is essential when giving instructions. All in all, Tim Hunkin’s instructions might mislead the reader and make him end up with different results. 
 

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Description of the ‘Napalm Girl’

The photo ‘Napalm Girl’ was taken by Huynh Cong Ut during the Vietnamese War in 1972 in Trang Bang. The black-and-white photograph shows five children running along a road followed by five soldiers. They are hurrying along a deserted road, as though driven by shuddering fear. Behind them there is a thick cloud of black smoke. In the foreground, on the left side of the road, there is a boy who is wearing a plain white shirt and black shorts and has his mouth opened, crying in utter despair. His eyes stare in disbelief. Behind him there is an about four-year-old boy wearing nothing but a long-sleeved, white button-down shirt. He is turning his head back to the soldiers and to the huge cloud of smoke in the background that seems to be coming closer and closer. In the middle of the road is a nine-year-old naked girl, the ‘Napalm Girl’, who is screaming and running toward the camera in what seems to be agony. Her outstretched arms and her wailing face set the tone of the picture. She cries as if her heart has been wrenched out of her little body. Like the cold breath of a grave, her face seems to cut every person’s soul. On the right hand side of the road a small boy who seems to be bewildered, not knowing what is happening, and a desperate girl - possibly brother and sister - run hand in hand. They are the only fully clothed children in the picture, missing nothing but their shoes. Whereas the scared and desperate children all seem to run for their lives, the four soldiers leisurely walk behind them. They are dressed in their uniforms, helmets and carrying firearms. Their facial expressions are not really discernible, as they are situated too far back in the picture. Another person is visible in the very back of the picture, right in front of the thick, massive cloud of smoke which makes it impossible to see what could be behind it. Both sides of the road are surrounded by grass and some bushes.

Narrative article homework / Hamida Bajrektarevic

Robot named Quick writes his first newspaper article

The London Journal has published on Friday, the news report of an earthquake which was written by a robot. Journalist and programmer Nick Scott created an algorithm that automatically generated a short text when the earthquake happened. The whole process, from writing to publication on the website of the newspaper, lasted just three minutes. Robotic journalism is increasingly being used in newsrooms around the world. The London Journal is a leader in this field. Robots are taking information about an event from trusted sources, such as The Geological Survey of Europe, and then they insert the data into a prepared template. In addition to the earthquake, there are algorithms for crime news that have subsequently been checked by editors. “Robots will not replace journalists, but will simply sort the available data faster. This is just meant as a help to journalists which will allow them to save time, and is in no way going to be a threat to their profession,” says the author of the algorithm, Nick Scott.

                                     image source : http://markrvickers.com/2011/04/11/the-automated-journalist/

Stop Corruption In Education. Remedy The Issue!

Stop Corruption In Education. Remedy The Issue!
Schools in our county are making great progress in removing corruption and discrimination by implementing civic education. Key program features include the opportunity for students to learn how unacceptable are all forms of discrimination (from gender to ethnicity and race) and to boost diversity and to accept different people (regardless of status). Students will be required to listen the subject from the first year in the school to the end of basic secondary education (for total of thirty five hours per year).

A day in the life of....

Blog post late because added to G+ (MK ok)

Last year in Palm Beach, I bought a big, vanilla white handbag, which I have always carried in public. The bag is relative big and I tend to carry large-ish handbags. I am pretty average sized, but I tend to carry large bags, because I carry a lot with me. I like to be prepared for every eventuality, and thus it is totally suited for lugging such as a a bottle of water, my lunch or snacks, wallet, keys, a mini umbrella, aspirin, a novel, pens, aspirin and all the other necessities of life. Golden hardware, tote handles with chain insets and rings the outside of the handbag. Creamy white jacquard satin logo lining the inside of the bag and snap top secures compartmentalized interior. Inside the pocket I has scrawled my initials "H.B." in red lipstick. At the bottom of the purse is a golden key, which reminds me of my mum warned me never to go out without a key in case I came home and nobody is at home. I carry a lot off stuff. I just hate the thought of leaving the house, then finding myself needing something and buying it just for the day when I have already got heaps at home. What a waste of money.